Additional Resources

A. Handling Dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Haemodialysis Unit Preparedness Checklist developed to deliver safe dialysis during and after COVID-19 pandemic
  A checklist to help dialysis units prepare for possible arrival of patients with COVID-19 by The George Institute for Global Health
• Frontline health workers in COVID-19 prevention and control: rapid evidence synthesis
  A rapid review of global evidence in a systematic manner to inform decision making contextualised to context by The George Institute for Global Health
  For additional information, visit The George Institute for Global Health
• US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance for patients on outpatient dialysis
• Staying Safe During Dialysis and the COVID-19 Outbreak – National Kidney Foundation
• Preventive measures in haemodialysis centre of Policlinico Milan during COVID-19 Epidemic
  Description of the preventive measures put in action in the dialysis centre at the Policlinico of Milan since the very beginning of the start of the COVID19 epidemic.
• Recomendações de Boas Práticas da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia
  In Portuguese. Recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology
• COVID-19 Flowchart
  Used by the Nephrology & Renal Transplantation Unit in Leuven, Belgium; and by the International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. Provided by Dr. Björn Meijers
• Recomendações para pacientes pediátricos em hemodálise
  Guidelines for pediatric patients in dialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplanted patients by the Brazilian Society of Nephrol
• Strategies regarding COVID-19 in PD patients.From the ISPD Standards and Guidelines Committee
  The ISPD Standards and Guidelines Committee has been working to adapt the recommendation of the Peking University First Hospital for PD patients during the COVID-19 crisis. Also available in many other languages
• Management Of Patients On Dialysis And With Kidney Transplant During SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic In Brescia, Italy
• Organization of Preventive Measures against COVID-19 Infection Dissemination in the Nephrology HD Centers
  Russian Version
  English translation
• Coronavirus destroys lungs. But doctors are finding its damage in kidneys, hearts and elsewhere
• Protocol for haemodialysis unit in covid 19 pandemic
  safety of health care workers and patients during haemodialysis incovid 19 pandemic in dialysis unit from pgimer, chandigargh

B. Guidance for other kidney diseases (including transplant)

• Conceptos actuales sobre el compromiso del riñón en la pandemia coronavirus 19 (Sars CoV-2)
• The Chilean Kidney Education Foundation, a non-profit organization linked to the Chilean Society of Nephrology, has created a digital platform open to the community to support, guide, and educate patients with CKD
• Colombian consensus SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 infection in people with Chronic Kidney Disease; C10 resources
• COVID-19 Guidance from the Transplant Infectious Disease Section of The Transplantation Society
• EL RIÑÓN EN LA PANDEMIA DEL CORONAVIRUS-19
  In Spanish: Summary description of The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys
• Protocolo de orientação para colegas que cuidem de pacientes portadores de doenças renais raras em virtude da epidemia da sars cov2 . In Portuguese.
  Guidelines for rare renal diseases by the Brazilian Society of Nephrology
• Please visit the SLANH website for materials on COVID-19.
  SLANH has shared the two resources below on caring for renal patients during COVID-19:
  • Recomendaciones para el manejo de pacientes portadores de enfermedad renal frente a la epidemia de coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • Manejo de pacientes que requieren INMUNOSUPRESIÓN (trasplante renal, glomerulopatías) durante la pandemia COVID-19
• Guidance for clinicians with patients receiving immunosuppression treatment for autoimmune conditions of their native kidneys during COVID-19– from The Renal Association
  A printable PDF version of this page is available here
  To provide therapeutic guidance on the management of patients receiving immunosuppression for autoimmune conditions.
• Stratified risk for prolonged self isolation for adults and children who are receiving immunosuppression for disease of their native kidneys
  The RA renal risk stratification for which renal patients in this group should be in prolonged self isolation (also called shielding) can be found at: https://renal.org/stratified-risk-prolonged-self-isolation-adults-children-receiving-immunosuppression-disease-native-kidneys/
• Coronavirus guidance for patients with kidney disease. From Kidney Care-UK
  The latest news and information on COVID-18 for kidney patients
• Resources from ERA-EDTA
  COVID-19, the Novel Corona Virus – New and information for the ERA-EDTA community and kidney patients
• The ASN resource page
  Resources provided by the ASN
• COVID-19 dashboard from TTS
  Addresses the important information needs of the international professional transplant community during this pandemic.
• Russian Dyalisis Society

ISN Journals

• Two episodes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on chronic hemodialysis. A note of caution
  Knowledge about COVID-19 patterns in frail patients is still incomplete. Patients on chronic haemodialysis have a high risk both of infection and of severe disease because of their fragility and unavoidable health-care related contacts.
• SEX MATTERS – COVID-19 IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
  The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)) has led to a dramatic loss of lives and presented an unprecedented challenge to public health and economic systems worldwide. To date, over 58.7 million people globally have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and over 1.39 million individuals have died (https://covid19.who.int/ accessed November 24, 2020). Among patients with chronic illness, including patients with kidney failure and those with kidney transplants, the impact is even more substantial
• Acute kidney injury requiring RRT during the COVID-19 pandemic: What are our options for treating it in Latin America?
  Within a month after the first case was reported on February 2020 in Brazil, all countries in Latin America had reported cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Brazil, Argentine and Colombia were the most affected countries, with 9,467,320 cases among them reported by early December. Increased poverty, limited water access, poor sanitation, and distrust in governments are important factors that have affected the transmission and have facilitated COVID-19 outbreaks in Latin America.
• The impact of a national surgical mask wearing policy on COVID-19 transmission in Haemodialysis units in the Republic of Ireland.
  In late 2019 a novel betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was reported in China, and subsequently spread rapidly to cause a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily spread through respiratory droplets typically released by coughing, sneezing, breathing or speaking and may be aerosolized by singing, ventilation or the use of nebulisers.
• Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Patients with ANCA associated vasculitis
  The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not only stressed medical systems with its acute presentations, but also has conferred an additional permutation to the management of various established diseases. This includes patients with autoimmune disease requiring immunosuppression. The optimal management of immunosuppression during the pandemic and in those with acute infection still remains a matter of debate.
• Use of Remdesivir in Patients with Covid-19 on Hemodialysis – A Study Of Safety and Tolerance
  There is scarce data regarding the use of Remdesivir in Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS CoV2) patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cautions against its use in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) less than 30ml/min/1.73m2 unless the potential benefits outweigh potential risks.
• Acute Peritoneal Dialysis with Percutaneous Catheter Insertion for COVID-19-associated Acute Kidney Injury in Intensive Care: Experience from a UK Tertiary Centre
  During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, high rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically unwell patients are being reported, leading to increased demand for renal replacement therapy (RRT). Providing RRT for this large number of patients is proving challenging and so alternatives to continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) in intensive care units (ICU) are needed.
• New Answers to Old questions: Wait List versus Transplant Outcomes in the COVID-19 Era
  The Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically affected health care systems and health outcomes around the world. Transplantation has responded with critical changes to the delivery of transplant services for patients awaiting organ transplants as well as for the larger group of previously transplanted recipients (1, 2, 3). The complex clinical nature of these patients as well as the complicated infrastructure required to successfully deliver care to these patients has made the vulnerability of transplant systems apparent to all of us who work in this field.
• In-house Production of Dialysis Solutions to Overcome Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic
  The coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, has affected >30 million people globally, leading to more than 900,000 deaths. Many healthcare systems have faced significant challenges in providing care for overwhelming numbers of patients due to resource constraints. The United Kingdom (UK) is one of the most affected countries, and by September 17th, 2020, 381,614 people were confirmed COVID-19 positive, 41,705 had died, and 13,710 had been admitted to critical care.1,2 Acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported in 25-78% of critically ill patients and approximately 25% required renal replacement therapy (RRT).
• Informing the risk of kidney transplantation versus remaining on the wait list in the COVID-19 era
  There is limited data pertaining to comparative outcomes of remaining on dialysis versus kidney transplantation as the threat of COVID-19 remains. This study aims to delineate the differential risks involved using serological methods to help define exposure rates.
• Tubular Epithelial and Peritubular Capillary Endothelial Injury in COVID-19 AKI
  Multiple reports describe the respiratory system involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but in patients that require hospitalization concurrent renal dysfunction is common. In a large study, more than 36% of patients developed acute kidney injury (AKI), and of those, 14.3% required renal replacement therapy (RRT) S1. Development of AKI occurs early, is temporally associated with acute respiratory failure, and carries worse overall prognosis.
• COVID-19 and kidney transplantation: A systematic review
  Kidney transplant recipients are at increased susceptibility to many viral infections leading to justifiable anxiety about the effects of COVID-19.
• IMPact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the moRTAlity of kidney transplant recipients and candidates in a French Nationwide registry sTudy (IMPORTANT).
  End stage kidney disease increase the risk of COVID-19 related death but how the kidney replacement strategy should be adapted during the pandemic is unknown. Chronic hemodialysis makes social distancing difficult to achieve. Alternatively, kidney transplantation could increase the severity of COVID-19 due to therapeutic immunosuppression and contribute to saturation of intensive care units.
• Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trials on Exclusion of Participants with Kidney Disease in COVID-19
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has a range of presentations and outcomes from asymptomatic carriage to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is high among patients with COVID-19. Moreover, patients with CKD, who make up over 10% of the global population, are at high risk for severe COVID-19
• Significant impact of COVID-19 on organ donation and transplantation in a low-prevalence country: Australia
  The incidence and impact of COVID-19 has varied enormously across the globe. The pandemic has negatively impacted organ donation and transplantation in countries that have experienced high rates of infection, including the USA, France and the UK, all reporting greater than 50% reductions in transplant activity. Australia has experienced a significantly lower incidence of COVID-19. Despite this, the impact on organ transplantation has been significant.
• A Kidney International “Journal of the COVID-19 Year” in Kidney Transplantation
  The global COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on kidney transplant recipients and transplantation programs in the calamitous months of February to June 2020, the Northern Hemisphere Spring to Summer, is represented in articles published in the December issue of Kidney International.
• COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients at the epicenter of pandemics
  We investigated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in recipients of kidney transplants in the Bronx, New York, one of the epicenters of the pandemic. Between March 16 and June 2, 2020, 132 kidney transplant recipients tested positive by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. From May 3 to July 29, 2020, 912 kidney transplant recipients were screened for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies during routine clinic visits, of which 16.6% tested positive.
• Registry reports in COVID-19 patients: juggling with big data, poor data, and no data
  We read with great interest the paper by Caillard et al. recently accepted in the Journal, which is an interesting addition to the burgeoning COVID-19 literature. However, we noted a discrepancy between the 426 kidney transplant patients reported to the registry and the 279 cases presented, which corresponds to a third of all patients.
• Response to “Registry reports in COVID-19 patients: juggling with big data, poor data, and no data”
  We thank Søfteland and coworkers for their interest in our registry based-study focusing on COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients. First, the authors lament that a discrepancy exists in the number of patients reported in the “Introduction” section (n=426) and those included in the final analysis (n=279).
• COVID-19 in Dialysis Patients: Outlasting and Outsmarting a Pandemic
  COVID-19 has affected dialysis patients and dialysis patient care worldwide. In this issue of Kidney International, three reports highlight the disproportionately severe impact of COVID-19 on dialysis patients, noting its high prevalence, particularly among in-center dialysis patients.
• Ethics of kidney care in the era of COVID-19
  The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant challenges for health systems globally, including substantive ethical dilemmas that may pose specific concerns in the context of care for people with kidney disease. Ethical concerns may arise as changes to policy and practice impact on the ability of all health professionals to fulfil their ethical duties towards their patients in providing best practice care.
• SARS-CoV-2 receptor networks in diabetic and COVID-19 associated kidney disease
  COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are increased in patients with diabetes and kidney disease via unknown mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into host cells. Since ACE2 is a susceptibility factor for infection, we investigated how diabetic kidney disease and medications alter ACE2 receptor expression in kidneys. Single cell
• Oxalate Nephropathy Caused by Excessive Vitamin C Administration in 2 Patients With COVID-19
  Kidney dysfunction is frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A recent large cohort study described an incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) of 36% in patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19; AKI (often mild) was temporally linked with respiratory failure and associated with a poor prognosis.
• Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to COVID-19 in dialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients across Europe
  The aim of this study was to investigate 28-day mortality after COVID-19 diagnosis in the European kidney replacement therapy population. In addition, we determined the role of patient characteristics, treatment factors, and country on mortality risk using ERA-EDTA Registry data on patients receiving kidney replacement therapy in Europe between February 1, 2020 and April 30, 2020.
• Successful Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney Transplant in a Patient Post-COVID-19 Infection
  The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has slowed down the solid organ transplantation worldwide. Although, we have heard of few solid organ transplants having been performed in patients recovered from COVID-19 infection, none has been reported yet. We present a patient who underwent a simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK) after recovering from COVID-19 and is doing well close to 2 months post-transplantation.
• Proximal tubular dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: what have we learnt so far?
  Recent studies have reported a variety of urine abnormalities in patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a single center study from Belgium, Werion et al., now present a concise investigation of tubular dysfunction in COVID-19 patients identifying potential risk factors for increased disease severity. These data complement current evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 presence and potential infection in the kidney.
• Anti–glomerular basement membrane disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
  Anti–glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is a rare autoimmune small-vessel vasculitis. The recent confirmation of spatial and temporal clustering of cases suggests that environmental factors, including infection, may trigger disease in susceptible individuals.
• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury treated with acute peritoneal dialysis do not have infectious peritoneal dialysis effluent
  Acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an alternative to intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy to mitigate the overwhelming demand for dialysis. Liters of PD effluent are discarded in the sewerage system on a daily basis by both patients and medical institutions performing PD. Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the peritoneal waste of a COVID-19 infected patient with end-stage kidney disease was previously reported.
• Reduced prescription tacrolimus use: a cross-sectional analysis of England’s national prescription statistics during the COVID-19 pandemic, by region
  Many UK transplant centers currently provide restricted access due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Full-year total organ transplants numbered 3997 in 2019–2020 versus 4183 in the previous year, a fall of 4.45%
• COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic has raised our awareness of the susceptibility of certain members of the population to this serious and often fatal infection. Across the globe, more than 5.8 million cases have been confirmed and more than 360,000 deaths reported as of the end of May 2020. Some areas have been particularly hard hit (the so-called epicenters of the pandemic) and certain populations within these epicenters have been particularly affected. Witness to this is those living in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).
• Hypercoagulability and Anticoagulation in Patients With COVID-19 Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy
  Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the resulting acute respiratory distress syndrome (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) is responsible for a worldwide pandemic, with more than 10 million cases reported as of June 28, 2020.^S1 Although severe disease requiring hospitalization is characterized by pneumonia and respiratory failure, a significant proportion also develop acute kidney injury.
• Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in extraordinary increase in the number of patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), high rate of clotting in continuous RRT (CRRT) circuits, limited dialysis supplies and shortages of dialysis staff due to illness or quarantine. This created an opportunity to use peritoneal dialysis (PD) for acute kidney injury (AKI).
• COVID-19 in Patients on Maintenance Dialysis in the Paris Region
  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a serious threat to patients on maintenance dialysis. The clinical setting, mortality rate, and prognostic factors in these patients have not been well established.
• The Adverse Effect of COVID Pandemic on the Care of Patients With Kidney Diseases in India
  The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with noncommunicable diseases, including those suffering from kidney-related ailments. Many parts of the world, including India, adopted lockdown to curb community transmission of disease. The lockdown affected transportation, access to health care facilities, and availability of medicines and consumables as well as outpatient and inpatient services. We aimed to analyze the effect of lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in India.
• SARS-CoV-2 Virions or Ubiquitous Cell Structures? Actual Dilemma in COVID-19 Era
  Several reports have suggested ultrastructural evidence of direct infection of different types of kidney cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in postmortem analysis and kidney biopsy specimens in patients with proven viral reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal smears. Detection of supposed viral particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used as sufficient evidence for viral invasion of renal tissue but data regarding detection of viral RNA or other valuable methods for viral detection of kidney specimens were missing.
• Transient Renal Tubular Syndromes Associated With Acute COVID-19 Disease
  We report 2 transient renal tubular syndromes associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  A 47-year-old patient in a neurorehabilitation unit was diagnosed with COVID-19 following onset of respiratory symptoms and pyrexia, confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Ten days later, he developed hypernatremia with an acute kidney injury. He was exclusively fed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube.
• An initial report from the French SOT COVID Registry suggests high mortality due to Covid-19 in recipients of kidney transplants.
  Notwithstanding the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, information on its clinical presentation and prognosis in recipients of a kidney transplant remain scanty. The aim of this registry-based observational study was to explore characteristics and clinical outcomes of recipients of kidney transplants included in the French nationwide Registry of Solid Organ Transplant Recipients with Covid-19
• Challenges in setting up point-of-care hemodialysis in a COVID-19 care facility: Lessons from a limited-resource setting
  Dialysis care is one amongst the many health-care activities to be severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further, health-care facilities in limited-resource settings are challenged with unique problems warranting distinct strategies to combat this crisis. Our administrator was summoned to set up a state-of-the art facility for managing infected patients in a jiffy
• De Novo ANCA-associated Vasculitis with Glomerulonephritis in COVID-19
  Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus that has been identified to belong to the beta-coronavirus family.1 As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, more aspects of this illness are being defined and described. In the US, the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, has been reported to be around 37%.2 Different autopsy and kidney biopsy series have revealed acute tubular injury (ATI) to be the most common renal pathology lesion in these patients.
• IgA Vasculitis with Nephritis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) in a COVID-19 patient
  In December 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology, which were epidemiologically linked to a seafood market, was reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The disease has rapidly spread around the world, becoming a global pandemic. A coronavirus, which was named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov), was isolated from respiratory tract samples1 and later identified as SARS-CoV-2. The name of the disease was officially changed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• Dashboards to facilitate nephrology disaster planning in the COVID-19 era
  The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed tremendous stress on health care systems. While there was early recognition of the need for rapid upscaling and sourcing for ventilatory support, the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) resource planning due to the high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was not widely anticipated.
• Outcomes of patients with end-stage kidney disease hospitalized with COVID-19
  Given the high risk of infection-related mortality, patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may be at increased risk with COVID-19. To assess this, we compared outcomes of patients with and without ESKD, hospitalized with COVID-19. This was a retrospective study of patients admitted with COVID-19 from 13 New York. hospitals from March 1, 2020, to April 27, 2020, and followed through May 27, 2020.
• SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Specific Dysfunction of the Kidney Proximal Tubule
  LCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly associated with kidney damage, and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule cells. Whether patients with COVID-19 present specific manifestations of proximal tubule dysfunction remains unknown. To test this, we examined a cohort of 49 patients requiring hospitalization in a large academic hospital in Brussels, Belgium.
• Acute kidney injury associated with lopinavir/ritonavir combined therapy in patients with COVID-19
  Lopinavir and low-dose ritonavir are associated in a fixed-dose combination protease inhibitor therapy (LPV/RTV), indicated against human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections causing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has rekindled the interest in LPV/RTV, following preclinical studies.
• Steroids: A Therapeutic Option for COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients With ESRD?
  Alberici et al.1 proposed in a recent review some therapeutic approaches for patients with end-stage renal disease and infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). They notably suggest the use of steroids during the inflammatory phase of the disease, even if their efficacy is currently being debated
• Treatment Impact on COVID-19 evolution in hemodialysis patients
  We retrospectively studied 248 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) affected by COVID-19 (1) in 19 private and academic MHD centers of the Paris, France area.
• Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City
  The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in extraordinary increase in the number of patients requiring Renal replacement Therapy (RRT), high rate of clotting in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) circuits, limited dialysis supplies and shortages of dialysis staff due to illness or quarantine.
• Epidemiological, Clinical, and Immunological Features of a Cluster of COVID-19–Contracted Hemodialysis Patients
  The outbreak of highly contagious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to human life and health, especially for those with underlying diseases. However, the impact of COVID-19 epidemic on hemodialysis (HD) centers and HD patients has not been reported.
• Kidney International and the COVID-19 infection
  The Editorial Team of Kidney International would like to reassure our readership that we will continue to bring you highquality information throughout the COVID19 pandemic to help all of us deal with the crisis and provide high-quality care to our patients.
• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury treated with acute peritoneal dialysis do not have infectious peritoneal dialysis effluent
  Acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been used in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an alternative to intermittent hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapy to mitigate the overwhelming demand for dialysis.
• Thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with COVID-19
  We describe a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and clinically significant kidney biopsy-proven thrombotic microangiopathy.
• Rapid resolution of cytokine release syndrome and favorable clinical course of severe COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient treated with tocilizumab
  Immunomodulatory drugs, such as tocilizumab, hold promise for the management of cytokine release syndrome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• Management of Patients on Dialysis and With Kidney Transplantation During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Brescia, Italy
  The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), is a major pandemic challenging health care systems around the world.
• Hypercoagulability and anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19 requiring renal replacement therapy
  Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the resulting acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-19) is responsible for a worldwide pandemic, with over 10 million cases reported as of 28th June 2020.
• COVID-19 and ESRD: Entering a New Era of Uncertainty
  The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised our awareness of the susceptibility to certain members of the population to this serious and often fatal infection.
• The Cumulative Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Chinese Hemodialysis Patients
  There is a paucity of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We aimed to estimate the cumulative attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in hemodialysis patients in China using a serological test.
• COVID-19 in patients on maintenance dialysis in the Paris Region
  COVID-19 represents a serious threat to patients on maintenance dialysis. The clinical setting, mortality rate and prognostic factors in these patients have not been well established.
• SARS-Cov-2 virions or ubiquitous cell structures? Actual dilemma in COVID-19 era
  Several reports have suggested ultrastructural evidence of direct infection of different types of kidney cells by SARS-CoV-2 in post-mortem analysis and kidney biopsy specimens in patients with proven viral RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal smears. Detection of supposed viral particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used as sufficient evidence for viral invasion of renal tissue but data regarding detection of viral RNA or other valuable methods for viral detection of kidney specimens were missing
• Hydroxychloroquine-associated Hypoglycemia in Hemodialysis Patients with COVID-19
  Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem, but optimal treatment modality is unclear. The treatment protocol for patients with COVID-19 consists of azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and low-molecular-weight heparin in our center.
• Transient Renal Tubular Syndromes Associated with Acute COVID-19 Disease
  We report two transient renal tubular syndromes associated with COVID19 disease.
• Interleukin 6 levels after tocilizumab administration in transplant recipients with COVID-19
  It is with great interest we read the article by Gautier-Vargas and colleagues that reported favorable clinical response with tocilizumab in a kidney transplant recipient with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
• The adverse effect of COVID pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in India
  The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with non-communicable diseases, including those suffering from kidney-related ailments. Many parts of the world, including India, adopted lockdown to curb community transmission of disease. The lockdown affected transportation, access to healthcare facilities, availability of medicines, and consumables as well as out and inpatient services. We aimed to analyze the effect of lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with kidney diseases in India
• Dashboards to facilitate nephrology disaster planning in the COVID-19 era
  The emergence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed tremendous stress on healthcare systems. While there was early recognition of the need for rapid upscaling and sourcing for ventilatory support, the need for renal replacement therapy (RRT) resource planning due to the high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) was not widely anticipated.
• Reduced prescription tacrolimus use: A cross-sectional analysis of England’s national prescription statistics during COVID-19 pandemic by region
  Many United Kingdom transplant centres currently provide restricted access due to COVID-19. Full-year total organ transplants were 3997 in 2019/20 versus 4183 in the previous year, a fall of 4.45%
• A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Of Outcomes for Patients with COVID-19 and Acute Kidney Injury
  There is limited data on the association of kidney dysfunction with prognosis in COVID-19, and the extent to which acute kidney injury (AKI) predisposes patients to severe illness and inferior outcomes is unclear. We aim to assess the incidence of AKI among patients with COVID-19 and examine their associations with patient outcomes as reported in the available literature thus far.
• A view from the front line of the COVID-19 war
  Just a few weeks ago, I was looking at kidney biopsy slides through the microscope. As a nephrologist with a special interest in renal histopathology, I never thought I would soon find myself at the front line in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
• COVID-19 in dialysis patients: adding a few more pieces to the puzzle
  Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications, owing to the presence of multiple comorbid conditions. The logistical aspects within a dialysis facility further increase the risk of disease transmission
• A report from the Brescia Renal COVID Task Force on the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
  The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is pressuring healthcare systems worldwide. Disease outcomes in certain subgroups of patients are still scarce, and data are needed. Therefore, we describe here the experience of four dialysis centers of the Brescia Renal COVID Task Force.
• COVID-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 hemodialysis patients in Spain
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Unfortunately, there is a lack of evidence about the optimal management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and even less is available in patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy than in the general population.
• Preparedness of Kidney Replacement Therapy in the Critically Ill During COVID-19 Surge
  The devastating and rapidly spreading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged the health care system worldwide. COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); however, multiple other organ systems also may be affected, including kidneys, blood (hypercoagulability), brain, and heart.
• Delivering dialysis during the COVID-19 outbreak: Strategies and outcomes
  Haemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Although all dialysis patients meet government criteria for shielding, only those on home treatment can comply. Patients attending incentre HD units represent a large and vulnerable group, who are unable to rigorously adhere to this advice
• The case of Complement activation in COVID-19 multiorgan impact
  The novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 originates in the lungs, but may extend to other organs, causing, in severe cases, multiorgan damage, including cardiac injury and acute kidney injury. In severe cases, the presence of kidney injury is associated with increased risk of death, highlighting the relevance of this organ as a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• COVID-19 outbreak in a large hemodialysis centre in Lombardy, Italy
  On December 31, 2019, China reported the first cases of pneumonia of unknown cause that would later be identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1-3). SARS-CoV2 rapidly spread, resulting in a pandemic, and as of April 10, 2020 there were almost 1.6 million confirmed cases were reported worldwide, with approximately 97,200 deaths.
• Kidney biopsy findings in a critically ill COVID-19 patient with dialysis-dependent acute kidney injury: a case against “SARS-CoV-2 nephropathy”
  It is unclear whether in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, acute kidney injury (AKI) results from direct infection of the kidneys or from complications arising in the course of COVID-19. Reports of urinary abnormalities in COVID-19 patientsS1, positive staining of tubules with viral antigens and complement components in one autoptic series1, visualization of viral particles in tubular epithelial cells and podocytes on ultrastructural examination in another2, and isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in urineS2,S3, raised the possibility of a “SARS-CoV-2 nephropathy”.
• SARS-CoV2 in the peritoneal waste in a patient treated with peritoneal dialysis
  We describe for the first time the detection of SARS-CoV2 in the peritoneal waste of a patient with COVID19 and end-stage-kidney-disease on peritoneal dialysis
• Acute Kidney Injury In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19
  The rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with patients hospitalized with Covid-19, and associated outcomes are not well understood. This study describes the presentation, risk factors and outcomes of AKI in patients hospitalized with Covid-19.
• De-isolation of COVID-19– positive hemodialysis patients in the outpatient setting: Q1 a single-center experience
  The advice for patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms is to self-isolate for 7 days after the onset of symptoms for the individual case and 14 days for the household.1 Dialysis patients can be considered as immunocompromised and display a decreased ability to develop seroconversion to infectious diseases.
• A report from the Brescia Renal COVID Task Force on the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection
  The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is pressuring health care systems worldwide. Disease outcomes in certain subgroups of patients are still scarce, and data are needed. The report describes the experience of four dialysis centers of the Brescia Renal COVID task force.
• COVID-19: Clinical course and outcomes of 36 maintenance hemodialysis patients from a single center in Spain.
  SARS-CoV-2-pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Unfortunately, there is lack of evidence about the optimal management of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even less in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) therapy than in the general population.
• Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could adversely affect AKI and other organ injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19
  We read the letter by Izzedine et al (1) with great interest especially the discussion of renal adverse effects of drug treatment options for COVID-19. We would like to draw particular attention to the potential adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the lysosomotropic antimalarial drugs that may inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2 by reducing the entry and replication of the virus.
• Multivesicular Bodies (MVB) Mimicking SARS-CoV-2 in patients without COVID-19
  It is now well known that patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) commonly have kidney complications, including acute kidney injury, proteinuria, and hematuria
• Visualization of Putative Coronavirus in Kidney
  We read with concern the articles that report the presence of coronavirus in kidney based on electron microscopic evidence (1, 2). Neither article, in fact, demonstrates the presence of coronavirus in the kidney.
• Acute Kidney Injury Due to Collapsing Glomerulopathy Following COVID-19 Infection
  Article presents a case of CG associated with COVID-19 in the initial days of the epidemic’s spread to New York City, and summarizes that, “As we learn more about the renal manifestations of COVID-19, we should keep in mind the possibility of CG among COVID-19 patients with proteinuria and acute kidney injury, even among those with mild respiratory disease.”
• Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India
  The report describes the unique hardships confronted by maintenance in-center hemodialysis patients and kidney transplant recipients in India during the current lockdown period.
• Letter to the Editor: Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID-19 patient
  The first available reports indicate that renal involvement is relatively frequent in patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the exact mechanisms underlying renal injury in patients with COVID-19 are unclear as renal pathology data are lacking.
• Early Experience with COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation
  Visual Abstract
• COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients
  Visual Abstract
• A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia
• Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
  This case raises the question of whether people of African descent with high-risk APOL1 genotype (presence of two risk alleles) could be at increased risk of kidney disease in the setting of COVID-19.
• Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China
• Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic: International Comparisons in Dialysis Patients
  As new information appears, updated guidance produces many similarities, and some differences in these guidance documents, in part deriving from regional and population differences. This article reviews guidance for detecting and mitigating COVID-19 infections in dialysis patients, noting where there is universal agreement and where there are differences.
• Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection by recombinant soluble ACE2
  Viruses use specific host-cell plasma membrane molecules as receptors to enter the cell. SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, is believed to bind mainly or exclusively to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 activity per se does not seem to be involved in infectivity, but its role in pulmonary, cardiac and kidney function has putative consequences for disease severity.
• The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys
• Could ferritin help the screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients?
  Screening for COVID-19 in hemodialysis centers is crucial to then isolate infected patients and protect non-infected patients. Ferritin could be a helpful, available and easy to use screening tool for the disease, although we believe that more research is still needed.
• SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients with Kidney Disease
  Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the globe. Up to April 1, 2020, there have been 823,626 confirmed cases and 40,598 deaths. Actual case fatality ratio is still unknown but some studies have reported ranges between 1.4%—3.8%.
• COVID-19-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy: An Emerging Entity
  Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging human infectious disease caused by a novel β coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection, self-limited flu-like symptoms, to severe acute pneumonia with high mortality.
• Tubuloreticular inclusions in COVID-19-related collapsing glomerulopathy
  A 79-year-old male of African ancestry, with a history of hemorrhagic stroke, monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance and chronic kidney disease stage 3 due to hypertension was admitted to Bichat hospital on day 1 after the first symptom of COVID-19 (fever). SARS-CoV 2 PCR was positive on nasal swab. At admission urinary dipstick was normal and plasma creatinine was 224 μmol/L. On day 4 plasma albumin was at 29 g/L and proteinuria was 11.4 g per gram of urinary creatinine (80% of albumin).
• Assessing and improving the capacity of district health services in the management of Acute Kidney Injury in low and middle-income countries
• COVID-19 and the Renin-Angiotensin System
  In late 2019, a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) leading to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) started in China and has become a pandemic. The responsible virus has been designated SARS-CoV-2. The cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2), a mostly membrane-bound homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that has generated great interest in the interaction between COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)1, as well as in the medicines commonly used to block the RAS.
• Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19
  Yichun Cheng, Ran Luo, Kun Wang, Meng Zhang, Zhixiang Wang, Lei Dong, Junhua Li, Ying Yao, Shuwang Ge, Gang Xu
• COVID-19 therapeutic options for patients with Kidney Disease
  Hassan Izzedine, Kenar D. Jhaveri, Mark A. Perazella

• COVID-19 Guidance for People with Hypertension From the World Hypertension League
  Description: In order to provide some guidance to people with hypertension on how to best protect themselves from the novel coronavirus, COVID-19, the World Hypertension Executive has created the attached document, “COVID-19 Guidance for People with Hypertension”, based on studies currently available
• Managing COVID-19 for people with NCDs
  The resources below provide the latest information for people living with NCDs and their carers.
  • COVID-19 and Respiratory Diseases
  • COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases
  • COVID-19 and Diabetes
  • COVID-19 and Cancer
  • COVID-19 and Dementia
  • COVID-19 and Obesity
    Resources from The European Association for the Study of Obesity

• Coronavirus: The Science Explained From UK Research and Innovation
  A good general purpose resource
• COVID-19 Open Research Dataset with information on COVID-19 and coronavirus-related research (e.g. SARS, MERS, etc.) from the following sources
  • PubMed’s PMC open access corpus on COVID-19
  • Additional COVID-19 research articles from a corpus maintained by the WHO
  • bioRxiv and medRxiv pre-prints
• NEJM COVID-19 literature
  A collection of articles and other resources on the Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, including clinical reports, management guidelines, and commentary.
• JAMA Coronavirus Resource Centre
  Browse the JAMA Network COVID-19 collection below, including Q&A’s with NIAID’s Anthony Fauci, an interactive map of the outbreak courtesy of The Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering, and past publications on vaccine development, infection control, and public health preparedness.
• COVID-19 at the Lancet
  This resource brings together new 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) content from across The Lancet journals as it is published.
• Kidney diseases in the time of COVID-19: major challenges to patient care. In The Journal of Clinical Investigation
  In this viewpoint, the author discusses a number of kidney-specific aspects of COVID-19 infection, noting therapeutic and basic research opportunities
• Renal Impairment in COVID-19. A Review. By Raúl Lombardi MD
  a short review of 13 papers with data on frequency of AKI, RRT, associated mortality, as well as the value of urine protein for early diagnosis of renal injury in COVID-19 patients.

• Addressing COVID-19 Face Mask Shortages
  Information provided by the Stanford Medicine Anesthesia Informatics and Media Lab
• Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions Responding to Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). From The Hastings Center
  Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to COVID-19
• Ethical dimensions of COVID-19 for front-line staff. From the Royal College of Physicians
  The Royal College of Physicians has published ethical guidance for frontline staff dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, supported by more than a dozen other health organizations.