Optimization of RAASi Therapy Toolkit

       

Kidney diseases are intricately linked to increased morbidity with, and mortality from, other diseases and infections. An integrated approach to noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention and management that recognizes the burden of kidney disease and concomitant co-morbidities is critical to ensure no disease is left behind.

In 2021, the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) convened a group of nephrologists and cardiologists from the American Society for Preventative Cardiology (ASPC), the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (HFA), Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), the Renal Physicians Association (RPA), and the ISN, to co-create toolkits for advancing the prevention and management of cardio-kidney complications. The first topic selected by the group for such tools is the optimization of RAASi therapy.

The toolkit on the optimization of RAASi therapy and management of related complications consists of focused and practical infographics, serving as hands-on references for nephrologists, cardiologists and other healthcare professionals involved in the multidisciplinary care of patients with cardio-kidney complications.

Scroll down for educational and clinical infographics on:

  • Nuts & bolts of RAASi therapy
  • Management of hyperkalemia
  • Dietary approaches to hyperkalemia
  • Monitoring and managing acute changes in kidney function related to RAASi
  • Talking to your patients about RAASi

Monitor and Manage Hyperkalemia Related to RAASi

English  |  Spanish  |  Japanese 

Monitor & Manage Acute Changes in Kidney Function Related to RAASi

English  |  Spanish  |  Japanese


Roberto Pecoits-Filho
ISN
Nephrologist


Angela Wang
ISN
Nephrologist


Charles Herzog
KDIGO
Cardiologist


Debasish Banerjee
ISN
Nephrologist


Giuseppe Rosano
HFA
Cardiologist


Martha Gulati
ASPC
Cardiologist


Edgar Lerma
RPA
Nephrologist


Amina Rakisheva
Cardiologist


Henry Wu
Nephrologist


Priyanka Satish
Cardiologist


Gates Colbert
Nephrologist


Michelle Wong
Nephrologist


Fadi Jouhra
Cardiologist


Viviane Calice-Silva
Nephrologist


Kershaw Patel
Cardiologist


Suman Behera
Nephrologist


Yazied Chothia
Nephrologist


Priti Meena


Denissa Arellano Mendez

Thank you to our reviewers and translators: Seiya Urae and Rolando Claure.
Thank you also to the ISN Patient Liaison Advisory Group for their input into the patient tool.
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  2. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022;102(5S):S1-S127. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.008.
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  12. Maggioni AP, Anker SD, Dahlström U, et al. Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with European Society of Cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12,440 patients of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(10):1173-1184. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft134.
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  18. Xu Y, Fu EL, Trevisan M, et al. Stopping renin-angiotensin system inhibitors after hyperkalemia and risk of adverse outcomes. Am Heart J. 2022;243:177-186. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.09.014.
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  20. Fu EL, Evans M, Clase CM, et al. Stopping Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Patients with Advanced CKD and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Nationwide Study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(2):424-435. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050682.
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  26. Massicotte-Azarniouch D, Canney M, Sood MM, et al. Managing Hyperkalemia in the Modern Era: A Case-Based Approach. Kidney Int Rep. 2023;8(7):1290-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.04.016.
  27. Pitt B, Kober L, Ponikowski P, et al. Safety and tolerability of the novel non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist BAY 94-8862 in patients with chronic heart failure and mild or moderate chronic kidney disease: a randomized, double-blind trial. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(31):2453-2463. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht187.
  28. Lakkis JI, Weir MR. Hyperkalemia in the Hypertensive Patient. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018;20(2):12. doi: 10.1007/s11886-018-0954-2.
  29. Leon SJ, Whitlock R, Rigatto C, et al. Hyperkalemia-Related Discontinuation of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Clinical Outcomes in CKD: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;80(2):164-173.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.01.002.
  30. Atiquzzaman M, Birks P, Bevilacqua M, et al. Prescription Pattern of Cation Exchange Resins and Their Efficacy in Treating Chronic Hyperkalemia Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Diseases: Findings From a Population-Based Analysis in British Columbia, Canada. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2022;9:20543581221137177. doi: 10.1177/20543581221137177.
  31. Butler J, Anker SD, Lund LH, et al. Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the DIAMOND trial. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4362-4373. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac401.

The optimisation of RAASi therapy toolkit is supported by an unrestricted educational grant from AstraZeneca and CSL Vifor.

This toolkit material is freely available for download by health care professionals and individual usage. For-profit organizations may link to toolkit materials with appropriate referencing but are not allowed to use the materials directly (including screenshots) in their own activities; and, where the toolkit materials are referenced with a link, society logos may not be used or displayed with the link. Non-profit organizations may link to the toolkit materials with appropriate referencing, and may promote the materials directly, but must seek permission for this first. If you have any questions concerning the rights to use these materials, please contact mmoorthy@theisn.org.

This toolkit is intended to facilitate decision making of health professionals in their daily practice. However, final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate. All societies represented in this project decline any responsibilities for any damage caused by the use that may be made of the information provided in this toolkit.